Mediastinal Parathyroid Carcinoma in A Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease in Hemodialysis

Parathyroid carcinoma (PTC) is an infrequent pathology, responsible for 0.5-5% of primary hyperparathyroidism’s [1,2]. Despite the high frequency of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, PTC is extremely rare, with less than 30 cases reported in the literature [3-5]. The diagnosis of PTC is difficult. Usually presents symptoms and signs of Hypercalcemia: fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, polyuria and polydipsia; besides, the patient can present nephrolithiasis, bone pain and fractures. In this context, the presence of a cervical mass or vocal cord paralysis suggests a malignant parathyroid etiology [6]. The asymptomatic presentation of PTC is extremely infrequent; however, cases of nonfunctioning PTC have been described [7-8].